1. Which groups were excluded from voting during this period? All Indigenous First Nation people (“Indians”), persons of African descent, women, indentured servants, and white males lacking sufficient property. 2. What problems did small farmers and war veterans such as Daniel Shay face in 1787 that led them to take arms in Western Massachusetts according to Parenti? Small farmers were burdened with heavy rents, ruinous taxes, and low incomes. They had to borrow money to survive. To make both ends meet and to meet their debts they mortgaged their future crops and went into huge debt. Interest rates of debt increased from 25 to 40 percent and taxes fell heavily on those modest mea